Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of the body, and its symptoms often come and go in "flares." Because it looks different for everyone, it's sometimes called "the great imitator."
1Joint pain and fatigue
Joint pain, stiffness and swelling are among the most common lupus symptoms, often affecting the hands, wrists and knees.
Extreme fatigue — tiredness that doesn't improve with rest — is also very common and can be one of the hardest symptoms to live with.
2Skin rashes and light sensitivity
Many people with lupus develop skin rashes. The best known is the butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose.
Sensitivity to sunlight or other UV light is common and can trigger rashes or flares, so sun protection is important.
3Fevers, sores and hair changes
Unexplained fevers, sores in the mouth or nose, and hair thinning or hair loss can all be signs of lupus. Some people also notice fingers or toes turning white or blue in the cold (Raynaud's phenomenon).
4Chest, kidney, and neurological symptoms
Lupus can affect internal organs. Chest pain when breathing deeply may signal inflammation around the heart or lungs. Kidney involvement (lupus nephritis) may cause swelling in the legs or foamy urine, but often has no symptoms at first — which is why regular lab tests matter.
Some people experience headaches, memory problems or difficulty concentrating.
5Seek evaluation and ongoing management
If you have several of these symptoms, especially if they come and go, talk with your doctor. Diagnosis usually involves your history, an exam and blood and urine tests.
While there's no cure, lupus can be managed with treatment and regular follow-up, and many people live full, active lives.
Sources
Further reading
American College of Rheumatology
What a Newly Diagnosed Patient with Lupus Needs to Know About Self-Management
Learn more at ACR (opens in a new tab)This article is general information, not medical advice. Please talk with your provider about your own care.